Michael A., 5

Michael is the second child in a family of six and lives with his parents and siblings. His father works at a printing press, while his mother is a petty trader who sells provisions. Together, they earn approximately ₦25,000–₦30,000 monthly to support the family’s daily needs. They live in a one-room block house with a slate roof and get water from a borehole shared by a neighbour. Michael attends a private day school, with his fees paid in small installments. Despite their financial challenges, his parents continue to work hard to provide for their children. A swelling was first noticed when Michael was two years old and has gradually increased in size without pain. It has now become large enough to interfere with his normal movements and make wearing regular clothing difficult. Following medical assessment, he was diagnosed with hydrocele and requires appropriate treatment.

Michael’s congenital hydrocele has progressively enlarged and is now interfering with his movement and ability to wear regular clothing. He requires paediatric surgical assessment to determine the appropriate treatment, which may include surgical repair given the persistent and significant swelling. His prognosis is generally favourable with timely treatment and appropriate follow-up. If left untreated, the swelling may continue to enlarge, causing increasing discomfort, difficulty with movement, and possible complications if an associated hernia is present.